Titanium and titanium alloys are characterized by light weight, only half that of steel, high strength, strong heat resistance, low temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, and are called “the metal of the future”. Pure titanium has plasticity, and the elongation of high-purity titanium can reach 50-60%, but the strength and hardness of pure titanium are lower than those of titanium alloys. Titanium alloys are achieved by strictly controlling the appropriate impurity content and adding alloying elements. The impurities in titanium have a great influence on its mechanical properties, especially oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and other elements, which can greatly improve the strength of titanium, but the plasticity will be reduced. Titanium alloys have good mechanical properties. Titanium and its alloys are not only very important in the aviation and aerospace industries, but also in many industrial and consumer products such as chemicals, petroleum, metallurgy, power generation, tableware, watches, jewelry, etc., and their applications are becoming more and more widespread.
Titanium technical parameters:
Titanium chemical code: Ti (Titanium)
Titanium metal density: 4.507g/cm3
Titanium metal melting point: 1668℃
Titanium metal boiling point: 3000℃
Titanium plate application introduction:
1. Pure titanium, titanium alloy (Alpha-Beta) raw material color is gray, while Beta titanium is dark gray.
2. Beta titanium material has better tensile strength than titanium alloy (Alpha-Beta), while titanium alloy (Alpha-Beta) has stronger tensile strength than pure titanium. Choose the appropriate titanium plate according to the structural strength or functional needs of each part of titanium glasses.
3. Beta titanium has considerable superelasticity, but its ductility is lower than that of titanium alloy (Alpha-Beta) and pure titanium.
4. Since titanium materials are easily brittle and fragile when inhaling oxygen and hydrogen, the welding process of titanium glasses requires high-purity argon protection.
5. Choose the appropriate titanium welding sheet, which requires high welding strength and good fluidity.
6. Hydrofluoric acid (HF) can effectively remove the oxide layer on the surface of titanium. With the continuous improvement of the process by titanium eyewear manufacturers in various places, the rationalization of prices, the lightness and comfort of its volume, and the fact that titanium does not contain nickel, the market demand for it is increasing day by day. It is believed that titanium will become the best engineering material for glasses.
Alloy elements can be divided into three categories according to their influence on the phase transition temperature:
- Elements that stabilize the α phase and increase the phase transition temperature are stabilizing elements, including aluminum, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen. Among them, aluminum is the main alloying element of titanium alloy, which has a significant effect on improving the room temperature and high temperature strength of the alloy, reducing the specific gravity, and increasing the elastic modulus.
- Elements that stabilize the β phase and reduce the phase transition temperature are β stabilizing elements, which can be divided into isomorphous and eutectoid types. The former include molybdenum, niobium, vanadium, etc.; the latter include chromium, manganese, copper, iron, silicon, etc.
- Elements that have little effect on the phase transition temperature are neutral elements, including zirconium, tin, etc. Oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen are the main impurities in titanium alloys. Oxygen and nitrogen have a large solubility in the a phase, which has a significant strengthening effect on titanium alloys, but reduces plasticity. It is usually stipulated that the content of oxygen and nitrogen in titanium is below 0.15-0.2% and 0.04-0.05% respectively. Hydrogen has a very low solubility in the a phase. Excessive hydrogen dissolved in titanium alloys will produce hydrides, making the alloy brittle. Usually the hydrogen content in titanium alloys is controlled below 0.015%. The dissolution of hydrogen in titanium is reversible and can be removed by vacuum annealing.
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